ANTIGUOS PENSADORES CRIMINOLÓGICOS
ANTIGUOS PENSADORES CRIMINOLÓGICOS
SÓCRATES (470-399 a.C.): «…Conócete a tí mismo… La virtud es la disposición última y radical del hombre, aquello para lo cual ha nacido, y esa virtud es ciencia. El hombre malo lo es por ignorancia, el que no sigue el bien (buen camino) es porque no lo conoce, por eso la virtud ha de enseñarse y aprenderse. «La justicia, entre otras virtudes, no es más que sabiduría. Debe enseñarse a los criminales cómo no cometer más infracciones, dándoles la instrucción y formación que les hace falta».
HIPÓCRATES (460-377 a.C.): «Si las enfermedades proviniesen de los dioses los más enfermos serían los pobres, pues careciendo de medios no pueden hacer ofrendas, por el contrario, los ricos son quienes con mayor frecuencia enferman.
PLATÓN (427-347 a.C.): Atribuía el crimen al medio ambiente. «…La pobreza y miseria son factores criminógenos. Hay que castigar no porque alguien delinquió, sino para que los demás no delincan…». Principio fundamental de la penología, la prevención por medio del castigo.
ARISTÓTELES (384-322 a.C.): Conviene con PLATÓN en que la pobreza es un factor que influye en la criminalidad, pero le da mayor importancia a lo superfluo, lo innecesario, que para procurárnoslo recurrimos a la criminalidad. Agrega este pensador que las pasiones llevan al virtuoso a cometer delitos.
TOMÁS DE AQUINO (1225-1274): «…La miseria engendra rebelión y delito», coincidiendo con los anteriores en que la pobreza es factor criminógeno.
1.1.8 PITÁGORAS
485-415 a.c «Nadie castiga al malhechor porque ha hecho un mal, pues el mal solo lo hace la furia irrazonable de la bestia. El castigo debe ser racional y no emplear represalias por un mal pasado que ya no puede deshacerse».
1.1.9 ARQUÍMEDES
1.1.10 SÓCRATES
Sócrates (470-399 a. C.) sintió la preocupación del hombre, considerando al hombre desde un perspectiva distinta, el de la interioridad; enuncia él «pon tu interioridad a la luz». Sócrates no se equivoca al manifestar que «una vida sin examen no es vida», nadie hace el mal sabiéndolo. El verdadero hombre sabio siempre actuará virtuosamente. El hombre que hace el mal sólo está desorientado y confundido, la felicidad es el resultado de la bondad. El malvado nunca es realmente feliz aunque se sacie de manjares, aunque disfrute el máximo de su riqueza. Quien vive oprimiendo a otros nunca puede sentir la felicidad verdadera del hombre virtuoso. Quien vive justamente es feliz, aunque pase pobrezas, sufrimientos y muerte (Sócrates CITADO en Rodríguez M., 2003:158-159). La justicia entre otras virtudes, no es más que sabiduría. Debe enseñarse a los criminales a no cometer más infracciones, proporcionándoles instrucción y la formación que les hace falta. Si a pesar de la instrucción, si a pesar de conocer lo que hacen, algunos criminales hacen lo contrario, esto es señal de que están locos, y no tanto de que sean malvados, pues «ninguno hace el mal voluntariamente». Locos o por lo menos estúpidos, deben considerarse todos los delincuentes, quienes no conocen el bien o carecen de libre albedrío.
1.1.11 HIPÓCRATES
«Todo vicio es fruto de la locura y el crimen como vicio es también producto de la locura».
Su teoría de los humores:1. Predominio sangre: carácter sanguíneo, impulsivo.2. Predominio bilis: colérico.3. Predominio flema: —moco— flemático, parco, reservado.4. Bilis negra: melancólico.
Para HIPÓCRATES el clima ejercía influjo en los hombres:a. Vientos fríos del norte, traen costumbres fieras.b. Los de oriente, la ira.e. Occidente, depravaciones.d. Las variaciones del clima.., cólera…
1.1.12 PLATÓN
Platón se adelanta en varios siglos a las teorías ambientalistas, ya que sostenía que el crimen era producto del medio ambiente, pobreza, miseria, eran agentes provocadores fundamentales.
1.1.13 ARISTÓTELES
Estableció una relación clara entre configuración del cuerpo y facultades mentales (era fisonomista), coincide con Platón en los elementos provocadores, pero sostiene que los delitos más graves no se cometen para obtener lo necesario sino lo superfluo.
Leer más: http://www.monografias.com/…/fundamentos-crimin…/fundamentos–
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