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Causas de terminación sin responsabilidad patronal Costa Rica

ARTICULO 85.-Son causas que terminan con el contrato de trabajo sin responsabilidad para el trabajador y sin que extingan los derechos de éste o de sus causahabientes para reclamar y obtener el pago de las prestaciones e indemnizaciones que pudieran corresponderles en virtud de lo ordenado por el Código o por disposiciones especiales:

 

a. La muerte del trabajador;

 

b. La necesidad que tuviere éste de satisfacer obligaciones legales, como la del servicio militar u otras semejantes que conforme al derecho común equivalen a imposibilidad absoluta de cumplimiento;

 

c. La fuerza mayor o el caso fortuito; la insolvencia, concurso, quiebra o liquidación judicial o extrajudicial, la incapacidad o la muerte del patrono. Esta regla sólo rige cuando los hechos a que ella se refiere produzcan como consecuencia necesaria, inmediata y directa, el cierre del negocio o la cesación definitiva de los trabajos, y cuando se haya satisfecho la preferencia legal que tienen los acreedores alimentarios del occiso, insolvente o fallido, y

 

d. La propia voluntad del patrono.

 

e. Cuando el trabajador se acoja a los beneficios de jubilación, pensión de vejez, muerte o de retiro, concedidas por la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, o por los diversos sistemas de pensiones de los Poderes del Estado, por el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, por las instituciones autónomas, semiautónomas y las municipalidades.

 

(Así adicionado el inciso anterior por el artículo 2° de la ley N° 5173 de 10 de mayo de 1973)

 

Las prestaciones a que se refiere el aparte a) de este artículo, podrán ser reclamadas por cualquiera de los parientes con interés que se indican posteriormente, ante la autoridad judicial de trabajo que corresponda. Esas prestaciones serán entregadas por aquella autoridad a quienes tuvieren derecho a ello, sin que haya necesidad de tramitar juicio sucesorio para ese efecto y sin pago de impuestos.

 

(Así adicionado el párrafo anterior por el artículo 1° de la ley N° 2710 del 12 de diciembre de 1960)

 

(*)Esas prestaciones corresponderán a los parientes del trabajador, en el siguiente orden:

 

(Nota de Sinalevi: Mediante el artículo 5° de la ley N° 10166 del 30 de marzo de 2022, «Reforma varias leyes para el reconocimiento de derechos a madres y padres de crianza», se reformará el párrafo anterior. De conformidad con la ley antes referida la misma entrará a regir seis meses después de su publicación, es decir el 6 de noviembre de 2022, por lo que a partir de esa fecha el nuevo texto será el siguiente: «Esas prestaciones corresponderán a los parientes del trabajador y la trabajadora, en el siguiente orden.»)

 

El consorte y los hijos menores de edad o inhábiles;
Los hijos mayores de edad y los padres; y
(Nota de Sinalevi: Mediante el artículo 5° de la ley N° 10166 del 30 de marzo de 2022, «Reforma varias leyes para el reconocimiento de derechos a madres y padres de crianza», se reformará el inciso anterior. De conformidad con la ley antes referida la misma entrará a regir seis meses después de su publicación, es decir el 6 de noviembre de 2022, por lo que a partir de esa fecha el nuevo texto será el siguiente: «2. Los hijos e hijas mayores de edad y los padres y madres, incluidos e incluidas los y las de crianza; y»)

 

Las demás personas que conforme a la ley civil tienen el carácter de herederos.
(*)(Así adicionado el párrafo anterior por el artículo 1° de la ley N° 2710 del 12 de diciembre de 1960)

 

Las personas comprendidas en los incisos anteriores tienen el mismo derecho individual, y sólo en falta de las que indica el inciso anterior entran las que señala el inciso siguiente.

 

(Así adicionado el párrafo anterior por el artículo 1° de la ley N° 2710 del 12 de diciembre de 1960)

 

Para el pago de las prestaciones indicadas se estará al procedimiento en el título décimo de este mismo Código.

 

(Así adicionado el párrafo anterior por el artículo 1° de la ley N° 3056 de 7 de noviembre 1962)

 

(Así reformado el párrafo anterior por el artículo 3° aparte a) de la ley N° 9343 del 25 de enero de 2016, «Reforma Procesal Laboral».)

 

(Nota: Mediante Resolución N° 3340- 96 de la Sala Constitucional de las 9:00 horas del 5 de julio de 1996, se dispuso lo siguiente: » … Se evacua la consulta en el sentido de que el inciso 1), párrafo segundo del artículo 85 del Código de Trabajo no es contrario a los artículos 33, 51 y 52 de la Constitución Política…»)

 

Ficha articulo

 

ARTICULO 86.-

 

El contrato de trabajo terminará sin responsabilidad para ninguna de las partes por las siguientes causas:

Por el advenimiento del plazo en los contratos a plazo fijo, salvo el caso de prórroga, y por la conclusión de la obra en los contratos para obra determinada;

Por las causas expresamente estipuladas en él, y

Por mutuo consentimiento.

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