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Posted on by Jesus Barrcas

Coecho Costa Rica

Coecho Costa Rica

Por cohecho se deben entender las conductas de los funcionarios públicos corruptas, que al recibir un soborno ejercen sus funciones públicas de forma contraria a los principios de legalidad, buena fe e imparcialidad. En este tipo de delincuencia es necesario que además del funcionario público también intervenga otra persona que desempeñe el papel de sujeto corruptor, es decir, quien hace la promesa de retribución, ofrece la dádiva o ventaja indebida, quien es sancionado por el delito de “Penalidad del Corruptor” cuyo análisis será objeto de otro artículo.

Las conductas comunes para ambos cohechos, son, la de recibir una dádiva o cualquier ventaja indebida, o la de aceptar la promesa de una retribución de esa naturaleza. Se basan en la existencia de un acuerdo, por el cual a cambio de un precio o promesa de remuneración para el funcionario, éste acepta la realización de un acto u omisión en sus funciones, a ese acuerdo se le denomina “acuerdo corruptor”, debe ser iniciativa de un tercero y previo al acto u omisión funcional.

Será cohecho impropio cuando las anteriores conductas sean para hacer un acto propio de las funciones; y cohecho propio, cuando sea para hacer un acto contrario a sus deberes o para no hacer (omisión) o para retardar un acto propio de sus funciones.

Es importante definir el concepto de “dádiva”, el cual se entiende como la “cosa que se da o entrega graciosamente”, y debe significar un enriquecimiento patrimonial para el funcionario, lo anterior en apego al articulo 38 de la Ley contra la Corrupción y el Enriquecimiento Ilícito en la Función Pública, por ejemplo, entrega de dineros, bienes muebles como vehículos, bienes inmuebles como terrenos, casas, entre otros. Por su parte, el concepto de “ventaja indebida” se debe entender como la entrega de otro tipo de beneficios extra patrimoniales, como lo son, ascensos laborales, reconocimientos honoríficos, políticos, favores sexuales.

Se debe concluir que para que un funcionario público cometa el delito de cohecho, sea impropio o propio, debe conocer y aceptar el acuerdo corruptor que le ofrece un tercero, y que ese acuerdo tenga como finalidad el que haga o deje de hacer algo relativo a sus funciones.

En la próxima entrega se hablará del delito de corrupción de jueces, la relación y diferencias con los cohechos.»

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